胞外聚合物在蓝细菌钙化过程中的作用及其地质意义     

钟怡江  文华国  陈洪德  刘磊  陈安清  王兴龙  王志伟  白璇 《沉积学报》2022,40(1):88-105

化石记录长达35亿年的蓝细菌在地球历史的生态演化方面发挥了极其重要的作用.与蓝细菌有关的"前寒武纪之谜"等系统性科学问题一直困扰着研究学者.胞外聚合物在蓝细菌钙化起到了至关重要的作用.在分析国内外大量文献基础上,通过系统介绍蓝细菌及胞外聚合物的主要特征,回顾和总结前人在蓝细菌光合作用有关和降解过程中的钙化过程的研究成果...  相似文献   

Bacterial production,glucosidase activity and particle-associated carbohydrates in Dona Paula bay,west coast of India   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

P.V. Bhaskar  N.B. Bhosle 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

Size-fractionated bacterial production, abundance and α- and β- glucosidase enzyme activities were studied with respect to changes in hydrography, total suspended matter (TSM), chlorophyll a, particulate organic carbon and nitrogen ratio (POC:PON), 1.5 M NaCl-soluble and 10 mM EDTA-soluble carbohydrates (Sal-PCHO and CPCHO) and transparent exopolymeric particles (TEP) in the surface waters from July 1999–2000 at a shallow coastal station in Dona Paula Bay, west coast of India. The bulk of the total bacterial production and glucosidase activity were associated with particles (75% and >80%, respectively). Total bacterial production was linearly correlated to chlorophyll a (r = 0.513; p < 0.05) whereas enzyme activity was significantly correlated to TSM (α-glucosidase: r = 0.721 (p < 0.001); β-glucosidase: r = 0.596 (p < 0.01)). Both α-glucosidase (r = 0.514; p < 0.05) and β-glucosidase enzymes (r = 0.598; p < 0.01) appeared to be involved in the degradation of CPCHO and Sal-PCHO, respectively. Changes in α-glucosidase/β-glucosidase ratios highlighted the varying composition of particulate organic matter. The bacterial uptake of ¹⁴C-labeled bacterial extracellular carbohydrate measured over 11 days showed a strong linear correlation between ¹⁴C-uptake and bacterial production using tritiated thymidine. The turnover rate of ¹⁴C-labeled carbohydrate-C was 0.52 d⁻¹, higher than the estimated annual mean potential carbohydrate carbon turnover rate of 0.33 ± 0.2 d⁻¹. Our study suggests that carbohydrates derived from sediments may serve as an important alternative carbon source sustaining the bacterial carbon demand in the surface waters of Dona Paula Bay.  相似文献   

Properties of proteolytic toxin of Vibrio anguilolarum from diseased flounder     

Mo Zhao-lan  Chen Shi-yong  Zhang Pei-jun 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2002,20(4):316-322

Extracellular products (ECP) produced byVibrio anguillarum strain M3 originally isolated from diseased flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) were prepared. ECP of M3 showed gelatinase, casinase, amylase and haemolytic activity on agarose plates. High protease activity against azocasin was detected. Bacterium M2 showed highest growth and protease activity at 25°C. The protease present in ECP showed maximal activity at pH 8 and 55°C; was completely inactivated by application of 80°C heat for 30 min; was completely inhibited by EDTA and HgCl₂, and was partially inhibited by PMSF, SDS, MnCl₂ and iodoacetic acid; but not inhibited by CaCl₂ and MgCl₂. The ECP was toxic to flounder fish at LD₅₀ values of 3.1 μg protein/g body weight. The addition of HgCl₂ and application of heat at 50°C decreased the lethal toxicity of ECP. When heated at 100°C, ECP lethality to flounder was completely inhibited. After intramuscular injection of ECP into flounder, it showed evident histopathological changes including necrosis of muscle, extensive deposition of haemosiderin in the spleen, dilated blood vessels congested with numerious lymphocytes in the liver. These results showed that ECP protease was a lethal factor produced by the bacteriumV. anguillarum M3. Contribution No. 4213 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Funded by projects under the Major State Basic Research Development Program, Grant G1999012003.  相似文献   

石墨对污泥中厌氧微生物代谢产物及其性能的影响     

朱梦扬  李青  王进  陈天虎  周跃飞  彭书传 《岩石矿物学杂志》2016,35(4):721-728

矿物材料对废水厌氧处理及厌氧污泥改性具有十分重要的作用,而微生物代谢产物是生物处理系统的重要组分,在提高污染物去除率和甲烷产量等方面也起到非常重要的作用。本研究对矿物材料石墨和厌氧微生物共存体系内溶解性微生物产物(soluble microbial product,SMP)和胞外聚合物(extracellular polymeric substances,EPS)进行了分析表征。结果表明,石墨对EPS和SMP的组成和含量影响显著,主要是由于石墨的吸附作用及其对石墨颗粒的环境毒性所致。红外光谱分析表明,添加石墨体系内SMP与EPS的基团种类并未发生明显改变,但含量有所改变。三维荧光分析结果显示,SMP的主要荧光类物质为色氨酸类似物和腐殖质(辅酶NADH),而EPS的主要荧光类物质为色氨酸类似物和腐殖酸,石墨能明显降低色氨酸类似物及腐殖酸类物质的产生。石墨会减弱微生物的相对疏水性,提高表面自由能,有利于微生物团聚体的形成。  相似文献   

盐度波动和蛋白质/碳水化合物比值对凡纳滨对虾存活和生长的影响     

王兴强  曹梅  阎斌伦 《海洋通报(英文版)》2010,12(2):61-73

本实验探讨了盐度波动（S0和S10）和蛋白质/碳水化合物比值（P/C：4.1、1.9、1.0和0.6）对凡纳滨对虾存活和生长的影响。实验周期35天。结果表明：I）随着饲料中P/C比值的降低,对虾特定生长率和吸收效率呈下降趋势,而饲料系数呈上升趋势。在盐度波动S0处理中,4.1P/C比值饲料组对虾的摄食量和特定生长率显著高于1.0和0.6P/C比值饲料组;而在盐度波动S10处理中,各P/C比值饲料处理组差异不显著。II）4.1和1.9P/C比值饲料处理组中,S0盐度波动处理组对虾的摄食量和特定生长率高于S10盐度波动处理组;而1.0和0.6P/C比值饲料处理组中,S0盐度波动处理组对虾的摄食量和特定生长率低于S10盐度波动处理组的对虾。对于4个P/C比值处理组,S0盐度波动处理组的对虾饲料系数最低。  相似文献   

溶藻弧菌胞外产物注射赤点石斑鱼后的组织病理学观察     

左凤琴  简纪常  吴灶和 《广东海洋大学学报》2006,26(3):13-16

在注射溶藻弧菌胞外产物(ECP)48 h后,石斑鱼Epinephelus akaara出现死亡,临床症状表现为:运动迟缓,体色变深,腹部膨大,腹腔有明显的积水,肝脏出血有花斑,肾脏和脾脏肿大。病理组织切片观察发现:肝细胞坏死,解体,界限模糊,细胞核变形、裂解甚至消失;肝脏出血,肝索中有红细胞浸润,有的红细胞变形甚至破裂;肾小管上皮细胞脱落、坏死;肠粘膜上皮细胞脱落、坏死,微绒毛不整齐,模糊不清,脱落;脾窦和脾索不清晰,分界不清,且在脾窦和脾索中分布着大量的、形态不规则的红细胞。此外,还发现在肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、肠壁肌层、心肌和鳃等组织中存在一种相同结构,该结构有平滑肌环绕,管腔内壁衬以扁平上皮细胞,管腔中含有一团染成紫红色的物质,经推断为小动脉透明样变性,而在正常的组织切片中,均无此结构。  相似文献   

海豚链球菌(Streptococcus iniae)胞外产物对斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punctatus)的致病性     

陈德芳  汪开毓  王均  耿毅  黄凌远  胡迪  景简飞 《海洋与湖沼》2013,44(2):326-331

采用硫酸铵盐析法提取海豚链球菌DGX07菌株的胞外产物(ECPs),通过平板扩散法对其主要酶成分进行初步研究,对酶热稳定和溶血活性进行测定;并对腹腔注射接种海豚链球菌(S.iniae)胞外产物的斑点叉尾进行组织病理学观察。结果显示,菌株胞外产物具有蛋白酶、DNA酶和溶血活性;DNA酶表现出一定的热稳定性,而蛋白酶和溶血活性在80℃或100℃作用10min均丧失;胞外产物对人(O型)、兔、斑点叉尾、草鱼、鲤鱼、鲫鱼、黄颡鱼和长吻的红细胞均表现出不同程度的溶血活性;人工感染试验显示,0.222mg/ml的S.iniaeECPs对斑点叉尾具有明显的致病性,死亡率达100%;临床特点表现为:游动缓慢、体表褪色、鳍条边缘褪色,内脏器官肿胀并伴有腹水;组织学病变主要表现为全身性多组织、器官炎性水肿,伴有组织内出血,实质细胞变性和坏死,尤以肝胰脏、脾脏、肾脏、肠道和心脏的损伤最为严重。试验结果表明海豚链球菌胞外产物含有多种毒力因子,与该菌的致病性密切相关。  相似文献   

坛紫菜孢子囊枝形成过程中生化组分的变化     

陈烨  裴鲁青  严小军  杨锐 《海洋学研究》2007,25(2):23-28

坛紫菜孢子囊枝在形成过程中,从培养开始至第4周,3种色素(叶绿素a、类胡萝卜素和藻胆蛋白)的含量和蛋白质的质量分数逐渐上升,在第4周时达到某一最高值后逐渐下降;碳水化合物的质量分数和藻胆蛋白与叶绿素a的比值均一直呈上升趋势,它们与孢子囊枝数量之间呈较明显的正相关;碳水化合物与蛋白质的比值在培养前期略有下降,随着丝状体进一步发育(4周后),该比值逐渐上升。  相似文献   

Particulate matter and chemical-physical conditions of an inner sea: The Mar Piccolo in Taranto. A new statistical approach     

G. Alabiso  M. Cannalire  D. Ghionda  M. Milillo  G. Leone  O. Caciorgna 《Marine Chemistry》1997,58(3-4)

As part of the environmental recovery plan for the Mar Piccolo (Ionian Sea), a basin suffering especially from urban pollution, a study was planned on the modifications induced by the human activities to distinguish them from those due to the alternation of the seasons and the exchanges with the neighbouring basin of Mar Grande. The present paper deals with the chemical-physical characteristics of sea water and its particulate matter content is investigated as a part of this study. The physical, chemical and biological variables (stochastic variables for the model) are: chlorophyll a, proteins, carbohydrates, organic matter, dry weight, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, ultraviolet absorbance, phosphate, nitrite, nitrate, ammonia, silicate, photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) and energy. These variables have been sampled at 15 different stations during one year of monthly sampling. A preliminary analysis was carried out on the variables for detecting possible interactions among all the investigated parameters. To this purpose, and for all the variables, an original computer program for non-parametric statistical-evaluation and data-correlation was used to find correlation-guided hierarchy of variables. The relations among: Prot and Chl-a, Carb and Chl-a and OM and DW have been studied. The slopes of linear regression of (Prot, Chl-a) and (Carb, Chl-a) allowed us to detect different relations at different space-time areas. A nonlinear relation between OM and DW has been found as well. This treatment is a first approach to the construction of a mathematical model of the basin. Different areas, for sea water characteristics, were observed to occur in the basin, despite its small extension. This may be due to the reduced water exchanges and the different residential development along the coast. Innermost areas, less involved in the water mass circulation, were more affected by eutrophication.  相似文献   

石油和油分散剂对藻类胞内外有机氮的影响     

孙林枫  王兴建 《海洋科学》1990,14(3):22-25

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